Notes

Author- Dr. Md. Shamim, MD Overview Newer antipsychotic drugs, often referred to as second-generation or atypical antipsychotics, can be categorized based on their chemical structure, mechanism of action, and therapeutic applications. Here is a comprehensive overview of some of the newer antipsychotic drugs under different headings. By Chemical Structure Benzisoxazole Derivatives Risperidone: Known for its […]

Author- Dr. Md. Shamim, MD Overview Newer Antiplatelet drugs play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases by inhibiting platelet aggregation. Here is a categorized list of some of the newer antiplatelet drugs. P2Y12 Inhibitors These drugs block the P2Y12 receptor on platelets, preventing ADP from binding and activating platelets. Ticagrelor

Author- Dr. Md. Shamim, MD Overview Pharmacogenetics is the study of how an individual’s genetic makeup influences their response to medications. This field combines pharmacology (the science of drugs) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to develop effective, safe medications and doses tailored to a person’s genetic profile. History and Development The

Author- Dr Md Shamim, MD Overview Translational Pharmacology is a branch of pharmacology that tries to bridge the gap between the basic molecular research studies to the clinical trials. The word translational focuses on development of a new drug which deals with the patient needs and targets to deal the specific issues. Translational research is

Author- Dr Md Shamim, MD Overview Reverse Pharmacology (RP) is a science of integrating documented experiential hits into leads by transdisciplinary exploratory studies and further developing into drug candidates by experimental research. In this approach, the candidate travels a reverse path from ‘clinics to laboratory’ rather than classical ‘laboratory to clinics. History of Reverse Pharmacology

Author- Dr. Md Shamim, MD Overview Phase 0 Trial is a First-In-Human trial, conducted prior to traditional Phase 1 dose escalation, safety, and tolerance studies. It can be initiated with a less extensive pre-clinical data than traditional Phase 1 trial. It is also referred as Pre-phase 1 trial or Pilot study or Exploratory Investigational New

Dr. Md. Shamim, MD. Overview Atropine is an antimuscarinic (Anticholinergic) drugs. It is used as antidote in organophosphate poisoning. It acts on all types of muscarinic receptors. Atropine was named after Atropos, in Greek mythology, who was known for cutting the thread of life. It has a great role in the management of Organophosphate poisoning.

Dr. Md. Shamim, MD. Overview Muscarinic Receptors are a type of Cholinergic receptors. These receptors having binding sites for Acetylcholine. Other Cholinergic receptors are nicotinic receptors. All parasympathetic effects are mediated by muscarinic receptors. These receptors are further divided into five subtypes e.g. M1, M2, M3, M4 & M5. These are G-Protein Coupled receptors. The

Author- Dr. Md. Shamim, MD. Overview of Third Generation Beta Blockers Third Generation Beta Blockers having important role in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Carvedilol having additional properties other than antiadrenergic effects, that is why it is considered as best third generation beta blockers. Based on pharmacological effects, there are three generations of β-blockers. First

Author- Dr. Md. Shamim, MD. Introduction of systemic corticosteroids Systemic corticosteroids have important role in the treatment of many inflammatory, immunologic, hematologic, and other disorders. It contains properties of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activity. Therapeutic Indications of systemic corticosteroids 4 best measures to manage patients receiving systemic corticosteroids Prescribing recommendations of systemic corticosteroids Monitoring recommendations of